The mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana, Linn.) is a tropical fruit cultivated in the tropical forests of Southeast Asian countries. It is recognized as the queen of fruits due to its unique color, aroma, and flavor. It has been used for centuries in Southeastern Asian traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Many functional molecules with high medicinal value are obtained from the pericarp of mangosteen fruit, whose major constituent is xanthone α-mangostin. Several studies have been carried out over the last decades to further investigate and understand the pharmacological properties associated with the plant and its main chemical constituents, belonging to the class of xanthones. In addition, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies related to mangosteen have been published, indicating its importance and its potential application in medicinal chemistry. Prenylated xanthones, which include α-mangostin, are secondary metabolites particularly common in plants belonging to the Clusiaceae family. These substances have been intensively investigated for their potential as biologically active agents. This article describes a critical analysis of published data related to the properties of α-mangostin, aiming to provide a more detailed view of its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Garcinia mangostana Linn. Linn countries color aroma flavor diseases αmangostin. αmangostin α mangostin. mangostin α-mangostin constituents xanthones addition chemistry αmangostin, mangostin, family agents

Abstract Chlorogenic acid (ChlA) has shown short-term protective effects against the cyto-genotoxic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA). The present study evaluated the effect of oral administration of ChlA in male Wistar rats exposed to OTA. OTA (0.4 mg/kg bw/day), ChlA (5 mg/kg bw/day), or the combination of both, were administered orally to animals during 28 days. No deaths, decrease in feed consumption or change in the body weight of animals were observed in any group. In the OTA-treated group a decrease in locomotion as well as increased DNA damage in blood, kidney and bone marrow cells were observed. ChlA alone was not genotoxic for animals. The combination of OTA+ChlA decreased the DNA damage by 37% in blood cells, by 55% in kidney cells and by 80% in bone marrow cells compared to OTA-treated group. In conclusion, oral treatment with ChlA showed a good protective effect on genotoxicity produced by OTA in rats during 28 days exposure.

Resumen El ácido clorogénico (ChlA) mostró efectos protectores a corto plazo contra los efectos citogenotóxicos de ocratoxina A (OTA). En el presente estudio se evaluó si este polifenol mantiene su efecto protector mediante la administración oral en ratas Wistar machos expuestas a OTA. OTA (0,4 mg/kg/día), ChlA (5 mg/kg/día), o la combinación de ambos, fueron administrados a los animales por vía oral durante 28 días. No se observaron muertes, ni disminución en el consumo de alimento, ni cambios en el peso corporal en ningún grupo de animales. En el grupo tratado con OTA se observó disminución en la locomoción, así como daño en el ADN en las células de sangre, riñón y médula ósea. En los animales que solo recibieron ChlA no se observaron efectos genotóxicos. La combinación de OTA + ChlA disminuyó el daño del ADN en un 37% en las células sanguíneas, en un 55% en las células renales y en un 80% en las células de la médula ósea con respecto al grupo tratado con OTA. En conclusión, el tratamiento oral con ChlA mostró buen efecto protector sobre la genotoxicidad producida por OTA en ratas durante 28 días de exposición.